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; Oxymel : a mead containing vinegar
; Oxymel : a mead containing vinegar


among others, some of which are period names (metheglin, melomel) and some are not (capsicumel).
among others, some of which are period names (metheglin, oxymel) and some are not (capsicumel).


= Sources =
= Sources =
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! Description
! Description
! Panels
! Panels
|-
| [http://www.intratext.com/X/LAT0056.htm De Re Rustica] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columella Columella]
| ~50 CE
| Rome
| Classical Latin
| [http://www.worldcat.org/title/l-junius-moderatus-columella-of-husbandry-in-twelve-books-and-his-book-concerning-trees-translated-into-english-with-several-illustrations-from-pliny-cato-varro-palladius-and-other-antient-and-modern-authors/oclc/238580087?referer=di&ht=edition 1745 translation], others exist.
| Roman farm manual, contains mead recipes - ''De aqua mulsa facienda''
|
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny) Naturalis Historia] by Pliny
| 79 CE
| Rome
| Classical Latin
| [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/holland/index.html 1601 translation], [1855], others exist. [http://www.masseiana.org/pliny.htm this 20th century translation] is more complete.
| A survey of the natural world, contains references to mead.
|
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutilius_Taurus_Aemilianus_Palladius Opus agriculturae] (Palladius on husbondrie)
| ~400 CE
| Rome
| Classical Latin
| [https://archive.org/details/palladiusonhusbo00palluoft Middle English version ~1420]
| Book on agriculture provides a recipe for mead, "De Idromelle."  The digitized manuscript is OCR'd poorly, so you may need to go to the scanned edition.
|
|-
|-
| [https://www.amazon.de/Mit-Leier-Schwert-fr%C3%BChmittelalterliche-S%C3%A4ngergrab/dp/3981218124 Trossingen 58 Grave Find]
| [https://www.amazon.de/Mit-Leier-Schwert-fr%C3%BChmittelalterliche-S%C3%A4ngergrab/dp/3981218124 Trossingen 58 Grave Find]
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| This grave find contained a bottle with pollen grains indicating a mixed fermented beverage including honey.
| This grave find contained a bottle with pollen grains indicating a mixed fermented beverage including honey.
| [[6th Century CE Hopped Mead]]
| [[6th Century CE Hopped Mead]]
|-
| [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1033715/ Aqrabadhin] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi al-Kindi]
| 800-870 CE
| Abbasid Caliphate
| Arabic
| [http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/arabmead.html Available]
| This medical formulary contains a recipe for a spiced pyment.
|
|-
| al-Kitab al-Ṭabīḫ of Abu Muhammad al-Muthaffar ibn Nasr ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq
| 900-1000 CE
| Iraq
| Arabic
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-15867-7 available, in print]
| The earliest known Arabic cookbook, it has several mead recipes in it.
|
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoponica Geoponica]
| 900-1000 CE
| Byzantine Empire
| Greek
| [https://archive.org/stream/Geoponica01#page/n291/mode/2up available]
| A Byzantine farm manual, contains mead, cyser, pyment, and rhodomel recipes.
|
|-
| [http://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=102624#p69 Random Notes from the Scholar's Cottage] by [https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%82%A6%E5%9F%BA Zhang Bangji]
| ~1131 CE
| China
| Literary Chinese
| [http://brewing.alecstory.org/2016/12/a-mead-recipe.html Available]
| This mead recipe claims to be from the famous poet [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Shi Su Shi].  It uses Chinese yeast cakes instead of barm.
| [[12th Century Chinese Mead]]
|-
| [https://www.uab.edu/reynolds/collect/manuscripts/tractatus Tractatus de magnete et operationibus eius, folio 20r]
| 1300-1400 CE
| England
| Text in Latin, Recipes in (middle) English
| [http://www.uab.edu/reynolds/collect/manuscripts/tractatus/folios/49-tract20 in English, transcription available]
| The earliest known English mead recipe.
| [[6th Century CE Hopped Mead]]
|-
| [http://www.medievalcookery.com/etexts/buch.html Ein Buch von Guter Speise]
| ~1350 CE
| Germany
| German
| [http://www.medievalcookery.com/etexts/buch.html Available]
| This recipe book contains a mead recipe.
|
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_M%C3%A9nagier_de_Paris Le Ménagier de Paris]
| 1393 CE
| France
| French
| [https://www.amazon.com/Good-Wifes-Guide-M%C3%A9nagier-Paris/dp/0801474744/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1508589839&sr=8-1&keywords=le+menagier+de+paris Available in print]
| This guide to a woman's proper behavior in marriage and running a household contains two recipes for bochet.
|
|-
| Palladius on Husbondrie
| 1420 CE
|
| English
|
| See Opus agriculturae.
|
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arnold_(chronicler) Arnold's] [https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=BfxBAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA188 Chronicle]
| 1503 CE
| England
| English
| (In English)
| This chronicle contains a recipe for a braggot called Braket.
|
|-
| [https://archive.org/details/fyrstbokeintrod01boorgoog The fyrst boke of the introduction of knowledge] made by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Boorde Andrew Borde], of physycke doctor. A compendyous regyment; or, A dyetary of helth made in Mountpyllier
| 1542 CE
| France (author English)
| English
| (in English)
| This discussion of domestic hygene and medicine contains a brief but descriptive mention of mead and metheglin on page 257.
|
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Description_of_the_Northern_Peoples Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaus_Magnus Olaus Magnus]
| 1555 CE
| Rome
| Latin
| [https://www.worldcat.org/search?qt=wikipedia&q=isbn%3A0904180433 Available, in print]
| This history of Scandinavia includes several mead recipes.
|
|-
| [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A00419.0001.001 Maison rustique, or The countrey farme]
| 1564 CE
| France
| French
| Period English Translation
| A comprehensive text on running a country estate.
|
|-
| [https://archive.org/stream/havenofhealthchi00coga#page/256/mode/1up The Haven of Health] by [Thomas Cogan]
| 1584, first edition
| England
| English
| (In English)
| This manual of health provides recipes for metheglin and braggot.
|
|-
| [https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=f5tbAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PP182 The Feminine Monarchie] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Butler_(beekeeper) Charles Butler]
| 1609
| England
| English
| (in English)
| This handbook of beekeeping contains several mead recipes.
|
|-
|-
| [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16441/16441-h/16441-h.htm The Closet of Sir Kenelme Digbie Kt. Opened]
| [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16441/16441-h/16441-h.htm The Closet of Sir Kenelme Digbie Kt. Opened]
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| Post-period, but likely based on period techniques.  Comprehensive, and reasonably detailed.  Contains a truly disgusting number of mead recipes.
| Post-period, but likely based on period techniques.  Comprehensive, and reasonably detailed.  Contains a truly disgusting number of mead recipes.
| [[To Make White Mead]]
| [[To Make White Mead]]
|}
|-
| [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A00419.0001.001]
| 1564 CE
| French
| English Translation
| A comprehensive text on running a country estate.  There are Mead and Melomel recipes in chapter 70
|}
|}
[[Category:Primary Sources]]
[[Category:Primary Sources]]
==See Also==
* [https://www.academia.edu/31052051/Of_Hony_-_A_collection_of_Mediaeval_brewing_recipes Elska á Fjárfelli of Aethelmearc's list of recipes]
* [https://bookeofsecretes.blogspot.com/2017/10/primary-resources-for-mead.html?showComment=1508590280602#c8538004313453522774 Another list of Elska's]

Revision as of 19:49, 22 October 2017

Mead (sometimes: "meath") is a fermented, alcoholic beverage made primarily of water and honey.

There are many sub-types of mead with their own names:

Metheglin
a mead containing spices
Melomel
a mead containing fruit
Oxymel
a mead containing vinegar

among others, some of which are period names (metheglin, oxymel) and some are not (capsicumel).

Sources

Name Date Country Language English Translation Description Panels
De Re Rustica by Columella ~50 CE Rome Classical Latin 1745 translation, others exist. Roman farm manual, contains mead recipes - De aqua mulsa facienda
Naturalis Historia by Pliny 79 CE Rome Classical Latin 1601 translation, [1855], others exist. this 20th century translation is more complete. A survey of the natural world, contains references to mead.
Opus agriculturae (Palladius on husbondrie) ~400 CE Rome Classical Latin Middle English version ~1420 Book on agriculture provides a recipe for mead, "De Idromelle." The digitized manuscript is OCR'd poorly, so you may need to go to the scanned edition.
Trossingen 58 Grave Find 580 CE Germany Archaeological, book in German This grave find contained a bottle with pollen grains indicating a mixed fermented beverage including honey. 6th Century CE Hopped Mead
Aqrabadhin of al-Kindi 800-870 CE Abbasid Caliphate Arabic Available This medical formulary contains a recipe for a spiced pyment.
al-Kitab al-Ṭabīḫ of Abu Muhammad al-Muthaffar ibn Nasr ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq 900-1000 CE Iraq Arabic available, in print The earliest known Arabic cookbook, it has several mead recipes in it.
Geoponica 900-1000 CE Byzantine Empire Greek available A Byzantine farm manual, contains mead, cyser, pyment, and rhodomel recipes.
Random Notes from the Scholar's Cottage by Zhang Bangji ~1131 CE China Literary Chinese Available This mead recipe claims to be from the famous poet Su Shi. It uses Chinese yeast cakes instead of barm. 12th Century Chinese Mead
Tractatus de magnete et operationibus eius, folio 20r 1300-1400 CE England Text in Latin, Recipes in (middle) English in English, transcription available The earliest known English mead recipe. 6th Century CE Hopped Mead
Ein Buch von Guter Speise ~1350 CE Germany German Available This recipe book contains a mead recipe.
Le Ménagier de Paris 1393 CE France French Available in print This guide to a woman's proper behavior in marriage and running a household contains two recipes for bochet.
Palladius on Husbondrie 1420 CE English See Opus agriculturae.
Arnold's Chronicle 1503 CE England English (In English) This chronicle contains a recipe for a braggot called Braket.
The fyrst boke of the introduction of knowledge made by Andrew Borde, of physycke doctor. A compendyous regyment; or, A dyetary of helth made in Mountpyllier 1542 CE France (author English) English (in English) This discussion of domestic hygene and medicine contains a brief but descriptive mention of mead and metheglin on page 257.
Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus by Olaus Magnus 1555 CE Rome Latin Available, in print This history of Scandinavia includes several mead recipes.
Maison rustique, or The countrey farme 1564 CE France French Period English Translation A comprehensive text on running a country estate.
The Haven of Health by [Thomas Cogan] 1584, first edition England English (In English) This manual of health provides recipes for metheglin and braggot.
The Feminine Monarchie by Charles Butler 1609 England English (in English) This handbook of beekeeping contains several mead recipes.
The Closet of Sir Kenelme Digbie Kt. Opened 1669 CE England English (in English) Post-period, but likely based on period techniques. Comprehensive, and reasonably detailed. Contains a truly disgusting number of mead recipes. To Make White Mead

See Also